The
media war on porn has been hotting up this week. As
usual, it's 'won't someone think of the children' being
used as an excuse to control what we can all see, and
as usual the truth has been hidden behind smoke and
mirrors.
The oddly sensible suggestion from the Sex Education
Forum in April that young people be taught about porn
in an unsensationalist, non-moralistic manner –
that it's not all bad, can be entertaining and helpful
but of course is fantasy, not reality – has predictably
been ignored. It was, after all, far too well thought
out an idea that might have allowed kids to understand
the realities of porn without demonising it in such
a way that the message would be rejected. As Norman
Wells of the Family Education Trust commented to the
BBC, "The intention appears to be to steer
children and young people away from a belief in moral
absolutes and to encourage them to think that there
are no rights and wrongs when it comes to sexual expression.”
And we certainly can't have that.
Instead, we've had the National Association of Head
Teachers saying that children should “hear
about the dangers of pornography” - no suggestion
of an even-handed approach there, just the guilt and
shame that you imagine Mr Wells approves of when it
comes to sex. Kids will be taught that porn is evil,
and that's that. Once they know that, teenagers with
raging hormones will no longer have any interest in
sex and we can return to the innocent days of the 1990s
when no one had intercourse until they were married.
As the relentless fight continues,we we have a new report,
Basically, Porn is Everywhere (no bias
there then) from the Office of the Children's Commissioner.
This is a Rapid Evidence Assessment, put together in
three months – and as anyone who knows about such
thing will tell you, REAs are useless, badly (if at
all) researched documents generally designed to confirm
an already-existing opinion or support planned legislation
– the last one involving sex was put together
by a couple of anti-porn campaigners to back up the
ban on 'extreme porn'. Essentially then, this is another
one-sided propaganda piece to sit alongside all the
rest, from Reg Bailey's
made-up rubbish about sexualisation to the infamous
Video Violence and Children pack of
lies from the 1980s that set the standard for evidence
free, pro-censorship campaigning masquerading as research.
The media, of course, has happily piled on with simplistic
reporting (clearly spoon-fed to them), dubious and convenient
anecdotes to 'prove' the dangers of porn viewing and
quotes from the experts at Netmums. The campaign to
censor the internet isn't going away and this flimsy
study is just the latest in a series of attacks aimed
at wearing down public opinion.
Interestingly, the introduction to this latest study
states that “it is unclear whether pornography
is more extreme and violent today than in the past”
before the report and the press interviews by all involved
go on to make exactly that claim – or
at least imply it and allow the unquestioning press
to do their dirty work for them. Deputy Children's Commissioner
for England Sue Berelowitz (who, though I hate to stereotype,
does not look like a woman with an open mind on the
subject) then claims that “most worryingly,
the evidence here shows that... there are links between
violent attitudes and violent media”. Astounding
that this report, put together in just three months,
has found the holy grail that has eluded other researchers
for decades. But of course, it hasn't. And it admits
as much later - “We do not know what effects
the cultural context has on young people’s attitudes
and behaviours towards and stemming from pornography.”
No evidence for this 'link' is ever established in the
report, and yet there it is in the introduction and
the conclusions, even though it is then immediately
followed by “This link has never been demonstrated
and causality has not been established.” So,
no link then.
The inference then seems to be that what we don't know,
we'll just assume and feed to the press as the 'evidence'
they are salivating for, knowing they will only skim
the report and take their pre-determined information
from the headlines, not the actual content.
We can see where this report is really coming from in
Finding 2: Access and exposure to pornography
affect children and young people’s sexual beliefs.
Awkwardly for the moralists at work here (and predictably
disregarded by those claiming porn to be the cause of
all the child-on-child sexual assault that equally dubious
stats have also been recently reporting as on the increase)
is the line tucked away on page 35 - “The
use of internet pornography by adults or by children
and young people was not predicted by their belief in
the rape myth: 'women say no when they mean yes'.”
So porn – even the 'horrific' and 'violent' porn
that the media is today reporting that our kids are
seeing every time they turn on their computer - is not
responsible for encouraging rape, right?
But it's not really sex crime that these people
are fretting about. It's sexual attitudes,
and the fear that there might be a generation growing
up that doesn't have the same hypocritical value system
as them.
Essentially, this report is saying that porn supposedly
puts young people at risk of “developing unrealistic
attitudes about sex.” What are they? Well,
although they dress it up in terms of gender equality,
what it seems to boil down to is that porn promotes
“sexual permissive attitudes and greater acceptance
of casual sex”. One study quoted (under the
heading of 'risky behaviour') says that young people
exposed to sexually explicit materials have “more
liberal attitudes”. You might ask why that
is seen as a bad thing – surely it's no one else's
business if a person wants to enjoy a varied sex life
with different partners rather than settling into a
relationship with just one. But no – such attitudes
are wrong. As Norman Wells says, we have to
have moral absolutes, not sexual freedom.
The same section then claims that “the double
standard reinforced in pornographic material: that is,
women with multiple partners are considered promiscuous,
while men with multiple partners are revered.”
I'm sorry? Are they honestly trying to claim that porn
movies condemn women for being sexual? What nonsense.
Porn is the one place where sexually active women are
treated as being the norm, celebrated on an equal footing
with men. If they want to see women being condemned
for their sexuality, they should look in the Daily
Mail or women's magazines where slut-shaming
is the norm.
And of course, porn is blamed for gender inequality,
though the use of the terms 'dominant' (male) and 'submissive'
(female) is loaded with inferences. Are they really
talking in broader sex terms or actually talking about
BDSM as another 'negative' effect of porn? One imagines
they don't think BDSM to be a healthy or desirable sexual
activity. Of course, not that many years ago, they would
have had the same pathetic fears about young people
being drawn into gay sex, bisexuality or cross-dressing.
Such misguided bigotry is no longer acceptable, but
it's okay to shift it to other sexual minorities or
activities.
There's also talk about body image, even though porn
features a bigger variety of shapes, sizes, ages, races
and everything else than you'll ever find in the mainstream
media. Bizarrely, the report at one point seems to think
that professional porn producers are digitally enhancing
their performers, which frankly credits them with more
tech savvy and bigger budgets than they actually have.
What's curious about this report – and the way
it has been hyped to the press – is that in the
end, it can't offer any evidence to back up its claims.
The section 'what do we know and are confident about'
is, despite the title, full of inconsistencies. Much
seems to rely on Swedish research, and Sweden of course
is a hub of hardline anti-sex feminism. Even here, it
has dubious conclusions - “a sample of Swedish
female teenagers indicating that four out of five believed
that porn influences people’s behaviour and that
32 per cent of those who viewed it believed it had influenced
them.” In other words, the old “it
doesn't affect me but does affect other people”
claim. And this is quoted as 'evidence'?
It's also claimed that studies show that exposure to
porn increases the belief that “women are
sex objects”. But that's a rather loaded
statement. What does it mean? That men are more likely
to objectify women and treat them accordingly in day-to-day
life? Or that they are more likely to admit to finding
women who appear in erotic materials sexy? It's rather
unclear and there is a considerable difference.
Throwing out buzzwords without further explanation is
hardly good enough.
Given
that this section – the bit they are 'confident'
about – is so full of half-facts, suppositions,
inconclusive statements and caveats (“it should
be noted that the majority of this research is cross-
sectional and correlational and therefore causal relationships
cannot be established” typical of the notes
that have been ignored by both the media and the moral
campaigners), it's unsurprising that the rest of the
report is even less conclusive and yet makes bigger
leaps in its statements, some of which conflict with
the earlier, more 'solid' evidence. It's a real mess,
quite honestly. But in the summary, the following (ignored
by the media) are noteworthy:
Finding 6: We do not know what effect viewing
violent images has on children
and young people
Finding 7: We cannot draw conclusions about causality
In other words, no evidence to back up the hysteria.
But as we saw with the Bailey Report, the fact that
there is no evidence no longer means that we conclude
that the hysteria is unfounded. No, the problem exists,
and even if we can't actually prove that it is
a problem, we'll still claim that it is anyway. The
'conclusion' of the study, despite no evidence to back
any of this up, is that “exposure to sexualised
and violent imagery affects children and young people
and that there are links between violent attitudes and
violent media”. Because we say so.
The problem with this sort of 'research' is that, as
well as being done with conclusions already in place
(you don't study a 'problem' unless you think it is
a problem, after all), it tends to rely mostly on interviews
with young people (similar again to the Video
Violence and Children farce in the 80s), and
therefore relies on them telling the truth. It's unsurprising
that girls will claim to be uninterested in porn, given
that we still have a slut-shaming society where female
desire is frowned on – notably, the report says
that the “youngest women were the most negative.
Older females reported more positive views.”
Naturally – as girls get older, they often become
more confident in their own sexuality and less worried
about their 'reputation'. A 20 year old, possibly sexually
active and certainly more worldly-wise and gender-savvy,
is probably going to be less worried about what other
people think of her than a 12 year old. Or perhaps they've
simply been 'sexualised', made to falsely believe that
they have the right to express their sexuality as they
see fit. After all, anti-sex campaigners seem fixated
on the idea that women are too simple-minded to make
their own choices.
The report ends by welcoming the work of Claire Perry
MP – ardent anti-sex and pro-censorship campaigner.
And why not? It was effectively written to help her
campaign to censor the internet and ensure that no-one
develops an interest in sex that goes beyond lights
off, missionary position with the same person for the
whole of your life. The fact that internet blocking
won't end with Youporn is something we are not supposed
to think about.
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